the hundredth anniversary

- smb's golden anniversary

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- centenarian

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- centenarian

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- academic.ru/11719/centenarian">centenarian

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[senˈti:n^əri, AM senˈtenəri]

AM cen·ten·nial

I. n esp BRIT (anniversary) hundertster Jahrestag; (birthday) hundertster Geburtstag; (celebration) Hundertjahrfeier f

to celebrate a \centenary den hundertsten Jahrestag feiern [o geh begehen]

the symphony orchestra celebrated its \centenary das Sinfonieorchester feierte sein hundertjähriges Bestehen

II. n modifier Hundertjahr-

\centenary celebrations Feierlichkeiten pl zum hundertsten Jahrestag

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centenary [senˈtiːnərı; -ˈten-; US ˈsentəˌneriː; senˈtenəriː]

A adj

1. hundertjährig, von 100 Jahren

2. hundert betragend

B s

1. Jahrhundert n, Zeitraum m von 100 Jahren

2. Hundertjahrfeier f, hundertjähriges Jubiläum

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Hundertjahrfeier f.

Jahrhundertfeier n.

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[ˌtɜ:senˈti:n^əri, AM tɚˈsent^əneri]

AM esp ter·cen·ten·nial

[ˌtɜ:senˈteniəl, AM ˌtɜ:r-]

I. n Dreihundertjahrfeier f

II. adj attr, inv Dreihundertjahr-

\tercentenary anniversary dreihundertjähriges Jubiläum

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1. n

2. attr

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tercentenary [ˌtɜːsenˈtiːnərı; US ˌtɜrsenˈte-], auch tercentennial [-ˈtenjəl; -nıəl]

A adj dreihundertjährig

B s

1. dreihundertster Jahrestag

2. Dreihundertjahrfeier f

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dreihundertjährig adj.

SUBJECT AREA: Textiles

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David Dale, the son of a grocer, began his working life by herding cattle. His connection with the textile industry started when he was apprenticed to a Paisley weaver. After this he travelled the country buying home-spun linen yarns, which he sold in Glasgow. At about the age of 24 he settled in Glasgow as Clerk to a silk merchant. He then started a business importing fine yarns from France and Holland for weaving good-quality cloths such as cambrics. Dale was to become one of the pre-eminent yarn dealers in Scotland. In 1778 he acquired the first cotton-spinning mill built in Scotland by an English company at Rothesay on the Isle of Bute. In 1784 he met Richard Arkwright, who was touring Scotland, and together they visited the Falls of the Clyde near the town of Lanark. Arkwright immediately recognized the potential of the site for driving water-powered mills. Dale acquired part of the area from Lord Braxfield and in 1785 began to build his first mill there in partnership with Arkwright. The association with Arkwright soon ceased, however, and by c.1795 Dale had erected four mills. Because the location of the mills was remote, he built houses for the workers and then employed pauper children brought from the slums of Edinburgh and Glasgow; at one time there were over 400 of them. Dale's attitude to his workers was benevolent and humane. He tried to provide reasonable working conditions and the mills were well designed with a large workshop in which machinery was constructed. Dale was also a partner in mills at Catrine, Newton Stewart, Spinningdale in Sutherlandshire and some others. In 1785 he established the first Turkey red dye works in Scotland and was in partnership with George Macintosh, the father of Charles Macintosh. Dale manufactured cloth in Glasgow and from 1783 was Agent for the Royal Bank of Scotland, a lucrative position. In 1799 he was persuaded by Robert Owen to sell the New Lanark mills for £60,000 to a Manchester partnership which made Owen the Manager. Owen had married Dale's daughter, Anne Caroline, in 1799. Possibly due in part to poor health, Dale retired in 1800 to Rosebank near Glasgow, having made a large fortune. In 1770 he had withdrawn from the established Church of Scotland and founded a new one called the "Old Independents". He visited the various branches of this Church, as well as convicts in Bridewell prison, to preach. He was also a great benefactor to the poor in Glasgow. He had a taste for music and sang old Scottish songs with great gusto.

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SUBJECT AREA: Textiles

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Robert Owen's father was also called Robert and was a saddler, ironmonger and postmaster of Newtown in Montgomeryshire. Robert, the younger, injured his digestion as a child by drinking some scalding hot "flummery", which affected him for the rest of his life. He developed a passion for reading and through this visited London when he was 10 years old. He started work as a pedlar for someone in Stamford and then went to a haberdasher's shop on old London Bridge in London. Although he found the work there too hard, he stayed in the same type of employment when he moved to Manchester.

In Manchester Owen soon set up a partnership for making bonnet frames, employing forty workers, but he sold the business and bought a spinning machine. This led him in 1790 into another partnership, with James M'Connel and John Kennedy in a spinning mill, but he moved once again to become Manager of Peter Drink-water's mill. These were all involved in fine spinning, and Drinkwater employed 500 people in one of the best mills in the city. In spite of his youth, Owen claims in his autobiography (1857) that he mastered the job within six weeks and soon improved the spinning. This mill was one of the first to use Sea Island cotton from the West Indies. To have managed such an enterprise so well Owen must have had both managerial and technical ability. Through his spinning connections Owen visited Glasgow, where he met both David Dale and his daughter Anne Caroline, whom he married in 1799. It was this connection which brought him to Dale's New Lanark mills, which he persuaded Dale to sell to a Manchester consortium for £60,000. Owen took over the management of the mills on 1 January 1800. Although he had tried to carry out social reforms in the manner of working at Manchester, it was at New Lanark that Owen acquired fame for the way in which he improved both working and living conditions for the 1,500-strong workforce. He started by seeing that adequate food and groceries were available in that remote site and then built both the school and the New Institution for the Formation of Character, which opened in January 1816. To the pauper children from the Glasgow and Edinburgh slums he gave a good education, while he tried to help the rest of the workforce through activities at the Institution. The "silent monitors" hanging on the textile machines, showing the performance of their operatives, are famous, and many came to see his social experiments. Owen was soon to buy out his original partners for £84,000.

Among his social reforms were his efforts to limit child labour in mills, resulting in the Factory Act of 1819. He attempted to establish an ideal community in the USA, to which he sailed in 1824. He was to return to his village of "Harmony" twice more, but broke his connection in 1828. The following year he finally withdrew from New Lanark, where some of his social reforms had been abandoned.

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AM bi·cen·ten·nial

[AM ˌbaɪsenˈteniəl]

I. n zweihundertjähriges Jubiläum

the \bicentenary of Goethe's birth/death Goethes zweihundertster Geburtstag/Todestag

II. adj attr Zweihundertjahr-

\bicentenary celebration Zweihundertjahrfeier f

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1. n

2. adj

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bicentenary besonders Br

A adj

1. zweihundertjährig

2. alle 200 Jahre eintretend

B s Zweihundertjahrfeier f

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- centenarian

centenary n centenario

El plural de centenary se escribe centenaries

tr[sen'tiːnərɪ]

noun (pl centenaries)

1 centenario

• centenario s.m.

noun (pl - ries) centenario m

[sen'tiːnǝrɪ]

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noun (pl - ries) centenario m

• de trescientos años adj.

• tricentenario s.m.

[ˌtɜːsen'tiːnǝrɪ]

subst. \/ˌtɜːsenˈtiːnərɪ\/, amer. også: \/tərˈsent(ə)nerɪ\/ eller tercentennial

trehundreårsdag, trehundreårsfest, trehundreårsjubileum

adj. \/ˌtɜːsenˈtiːnərɪ\/, amer. også: \/tərˈsent(ə)nerɪ\/ eller tercentennial

trehundreårig, trehundreårs-

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[tə:sent'i:nəri] n 1 terceiro centenário, tricentenário. 2 período de trezentos anos. • adj tricentenário.

adj. üç yüzyıllık

n. üç yüzüncü yıldönümü, üç yüzüncü yıldönümü töreni

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